Take Advanced Mandarin lessons in Malaysia (Page 134 of 152)

15350 tutors available

Excellent (4.7)

1.8 million student reviews

The list of tutors

Liyan

Pontevedra, Spain (online)

Chinese with zhou! entertaining and fun classes with a native teacher. （especially to children）

RM75/h
1^st lesson free!

Emilie

Paris 15e, France (online)

French-chinese master student teach beginner and intermediate mandarin online class

RM117/h
1^st lesson free!

Thessalonica eunice

Kecamatan Ilir Timur I, Indonesia (face-to-face &online)

Come on, get ready to chat with 1/4 of the world's population by mastering mandarin!

RM18/h
1^st lesson free!

Carine

Kota Medan, Indonesia (face-to-face &online)

Hold chinese classes for beginners. teaching speed is slow - medium, adjustable. based in medan, online class available.

RM20/h
1^st lesson free!

Zuyyin abdi

Kecamatan Blimbing, Indonesia (face-to-face &online)

Mandarin teacher who graduated from s1 mandarin language education with 4 years of teaching experience in this field.

RM17/h
1^st lesson free!

David

Guyancourt, France (face-to-face &online)

A graduate of sciences po lyon gives beginner and intermediate mandarin courses

RM107/h
1^st lesson free!

Riska

Kecamatan Kalidoni, Indonesia (face-to-face &online)

Sriwijaya university alumni offer to learn mandarin according to the open personal understanding of all ages

RM17/h
1^st lesson free!

Wanzhou

Hannover, Germany (online)

Chinese online tuition in hanover with a master's degree in engineering, i also know a little bit of french

RM140/h
1^st lesson free!

Guojun

Vitry-sur-Seine, France (face-to-face &online)

I am a student at inalco and i can help you in chinese

RM56/h
1^st lesson free!

Muqi

Nantes, France (online)

I have a high-level mandarin certificate. i used to work in chinese tv and radio stations. now i am a master student of audencia business school. i once obtained a double bachelor degree in chinese br

RM93/h
1^st lesson free!

Shenna

Kecamatan Kemayoran, Indonesia (face-to-face &online)

Hello你好！ meet me shenna zenitha or 幸茉莉 (xing mo li). i studied in hangzhou china with a major in international economics and trade and mandarin.

RM29/h
1^st lesson free!

Arjuna

Paris 11e, France (face-to-face &online)

Student in m2 international relations and diplomacy gives courses in chinese (mandarin) and cantonese (oral) for beginners and intermediates

RM93/h
1^st lesson free!

Odelia

Paris 11e, France (online)

Professional mandarin native speaker giving classes (in all related fields) by skype. (in english)

RM70/h
1^st lesson free!

Pedro

Vila Guiomar, Brazil (face-to-face &online)

Newly graduated in business in china from the mandarin classes in santo andré

RM64/h
1^st lesson free!

Océane

Marseille 7e , France (online)

5 (1 review)
New

Trilingual tutor teaches mandarin chinese (mother tongue) from french or english aspect

RM140/h
1^st lesson free!

Wen

Kassel, Germany (face-to-face &online)

Chinese course leader with 7 years experience offers language courses, written courses and intercultural training for all levels in kassel or via skype

RM140/h
1^st lesson free!

Belinda wai

Madrid, Spain (face-to-face &online)

Native chinese teacher with 3 years of experience teaching chinese (written and spoken) at your home in madrid

RM84/h
1^st lesson free!

Yu-ju

Schnersheim, France (online)

Student in department of language teaching teaches chinese at all levels in speaking and writing

RM70/h
1^st lesson free!

Aurélie

Laragne-Montéglin, France (face-to-face &online)

Passionate language trainer transmits and shares her knowledge in mandarin spanish and chinese

RM70/h
1^st lesson free!

Alexandra

Joinville-le-Pont, France (face-to-face &online)

Experienced young french student gives private lessons of chinese or english for all levels

RM117/h
1^st lesson free!

Ronron

Paris, France (face-to-face &online)

Chinese classes for all levels provided by a chinese from shanghai -16ème

RM117/h
1^st lesson free!

Paris 19e, France (face-to-face &online)

Individual classes during chinese culture chinese general methodology marketing economics in paris (75019)

RM93/h
1^st lesson free!

Renren

Paris 6e, France (face-to-face &online)

Certified teacher gives chinese courses for children and adults at different levels in paris (75006)

RM93/h
1^st lesson free!

Shuming

Alicante (Alacant), Spain (face-to-face &online)

Philology student with 3 years of experience teaches chinese and english at home

RM70/h
1^st lesson free!

Jing wen

Paris 13e, France (face-to-face &online)

5 (1 review)
New

Chinese lessons for all levels (beginners, advanced, children, adults) using english and french for teaching

RM93/h
1^st lesson free!

Matteo

Madrid, Spain (face-to-face &online)

Native chinese speaker in lanzarote, i teach chinese and spanish. thank u

RM70/h
1^st lesson free!

Liliya

Porto, Portugal (online)

Multilingual translator teaches mandarin classes online or in person in the porto area

RM70/h
1^st lesson free!

Yi-chun

Montrouge, France (face-to-face &online)

Chinese / mandarin course (traditional and simplified characters) for all beginners and intermediate

RM70/h
1^st lesson free!

Chiara

Milano, Italy (face-to-face &online)

Master degree in chinese offers chinese / italian lessons in milan, available for conversations too

RM93/h
1^st lesson free!

Shan

Paris 14e, France (face-to-face &online)

Student at iae savoie mont blanc gives chinese lessons at all levels

RM93/h
1^st lesson free!

Vanny

, Indonesia (face-to-face &online)

Hello, i'm vanny, a private chinese/english teacher for 2 years. i prioritize communication over writing because everyone can use a certain language to speak. especially when you are travelling.

RM7/h
1^st lesson free!

Olivia

Madrid, Spain (face-to-face &online)

Chinese student of master of spanish literature teaches madarin chinese classes in madrid

RM117/h
1^st lesson free!

Safianna

Kecamatan Bekasi Timur, Indonesia (online)

Literature student offers to teach mandarin courses (for all ages) by online

RM22/h
1^st lesson free!

Liang

Trappes, France (online)

Chinese student in master's writing and production gives chinese lessons.

RM75/h
1^st lesson free!

Magdalena

, Argentina (face-to-face &online)

5 (1 review)
New

Advanced mandarin chinese student in la plata. classes to who wants to know a millenary culture

RM5/h
1^st lesson free!

Merlyn

Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia (online)

Teaching mandarin for elementary to junior high school levels. patient and not rigid in teaching!

RM15/h
1^st lesson free!

Mary

Málaga, Spain (online)

Chinese native giving online mandarin classes for english and spanish speakers in europe

RM70/h
1^st lesson free!

Qinglin

Grenoble, France (face-to-face &online)

5 (1 review)
New

Chinese ready to teach you their language in a relaxed way

RM75/h
1^st lesson free!

Angel

Tenosique de Pino Suárez, Mexico (online)

5 (1 review)
New

Marketing student with advanced level of mandarin chinese and studies in china teaches mandarin chinese

RM23/h
1^st lesson free!

Qiyu

Clermont-Ferrand, France (face-to-face &online)

Chinese student gives mandarin chinese course (oral / written) any level in toulouse

RM47/h
1^st lesson free!

Citra

, Indonesia (face-to-face &online)

5 (1 review)
New

Implemented mandarin in 3 years, willing to teach beginners from easy to memorize strokes with good imagination and pronunciation methods.

RM7/h
1^st lesson free!

Davin

Kecamatan Medan Amplas, Indonesia (online)

Hi, i am an indonesian student who is currently studying at hangzhou, china. let's study mandarin for everyday use.

RM7/h
1^st lesson free!

Shelly

Kecamatan Jambi Selatan, Indonesia (face-to-face &online)

I am an actuarial itb student batch 2020. i have experience and can help teach mandarin, english, and mathematics

RM11/h
1^st lesson free!

Alba

Madrid, Spain (face-to-face &online)

Chinese teacher with three years' experience. sign up now and let's talk!

RM117/h
1^st lesson free!

Wenjing (ivy)

Hamburg, Germany (face-to-face &online)

Chinese mandarin in hamburg also teach intercultural e-commerce online marketing professional management for adults

RM163/h
1^st lesson free!

Jingyuan

Rouen, France (online)

Courses for all levels, in english or french, chinese professor graduate (15th)

RM107/h
1^st lesson free!

Julia

Kecamatan Tangerang, Indonesia (online)

Bachelor of medicine with 7.5 years of experience living in china offers quality mandarin courses!

RM22/h
1^st lesson free!

Victor

Saguaçu, Brazil (face-to-face &online)

Chinese classes with experienced language teacher who lived in taiwan. (simplified chinese and traditional chinese)

RM56/h
1^st lesson free!

Riana

Kecamatan Simokerto, Indonesia (face-to-face &online)

Staff translator that offers traditional or simplified chinese language tutoring services with easy-to-understand teaching methods

RM28/h
1^st lesson free!

Peiyu

Nice, France (face-to-face &online)

Student of l3 science of language gives french lessons to students in china

RM117/h
1^st lesson free!

Vinciane

Bruxelles, Belgium (face-to-face &online)

Enseignante de l'anglais dans une école bilingue fr-ang, je peux enseigner à bruxelles et à partir de septembre 2021, à liège et louvain

RM93/h
1^st lesson free!

Fernanda

Boa Viagem, Brazil (face-to-face &online)

Preparatory classes to pass the hsk exam from levels 1 to 4

RM40/h
1^st lesson free!

Kean

Bremen, Germany (face-to-face &online)

Chinese native speakers anbieten offer online courses, currently studying at the bremen university of the arts, bremen location。

RM117/h
1^st lesson free!

Lyric

Berlin, Germany (face-to-face &online)

Experienced mandarin teacher, native speaker, offers a personalized class plan and creative lessons.

RM93/h
1^st lesson free!

Lili

Toulouse, France (face-to-face &online)

Franco-taiwanese student at tbs, bilingual chinese-french giving a beginner's course in toulouse

RM70/h
1^st lesson free!

Miss lin

Madrid, Spain (face-to-face &online)

Hello, everyone! i'm taiwanese, and native speaker of chinese mandarin, let's learn chinese mandarin together!

RM84/h
1^st lesson free!

Geraldy

Kecamatan Airmadidi, Indonesia (face-to-face &online)

5 (1 review)
New

Chinese study program students at the university of indonesia offer local and foreign mandarin / english / indonesian teaching services.

RM22/h
1^st lesson free!

Benedict

Kecamatan Kalideres, Indonesia (online)

Teaching oral and written mandarin chinese (simplified of traditional) for students and adults

RM27/h
1^st lesson free!

Inna

Paris 20e, France (face-to-face &online)

I have 8 years of teaching experience. i lived and studied in china for 7 years.

RM93/h
1^st lesson free!

Anita

Málaga, Spain (face-to-face &online)

Do not you want to speak chinese with a chinese girl? come on! now! in malaga

RM47/h
1^st lesson free!

Lie

Kecamatan Pontianak Selatan, Indonesia (face-to-face &online)

Hello, my name is lie. i am a mandarin teacher. i am teaching mandarin for 14 years. i teach in international, private and in my own courses. i have talent in mandarin. i can make students speak chine

RM25/h
1^st lesson free!

Andrew

La Cañada, Mexico (face-to-face &online)

Private or group classes of mandarin chinese, learn to communicate, read and write in chinese as a native!

RM37/h
1^st lesson free!

Shuo

Madrid, Spain (face-to-face &online)

Undergraduate student in spanish philology and master in strategies and technologies for development

RM61/h
1^st lesson free!

Eby

Madrid, Spain (face-to-face &online)

Chinese teacher for all levels from 6 years, adults, business and hsk / yct exam

RM84/h
1^st lesson free!

Doriane

Toulouse, France (face-to-face &online)

Student in business school, after 6 years in china, i give chinese lessons

RM84/h
1^st lesson free!

Yang

Breda, Netherlands (face-to-face &online)

Chinese lesson(mandarin) for every level with official hsk teaching material in groningen or nearby

RM84/h
1^st lesson free!

Jade

, Germany (online)

Chinese lessons from chinese native speaker for children to adults, hsk preparation

RM117/h
1^st lesson free!

Zhenbin

Erlangen, Germany (face-to-face &online)

Chinese tuition in erlangen / nürnberg for all chinese learners at all levels!

RM93/h
1^st lesson free!

Ylenia

Carlentini, Italy (face-to-face &online)

Graduated student in asian studies offers english and chinese written and spoken courses

RM47/h
1^st lesson free!

Camilla

Milano, Italy (face-to-face &online)

I teach mandarin chinese and i l 'hsk 5 and live in milan

RM56/h
1^st lesson free!

Melissa

Puerto Colombia, Colombia (face-to-face &online)

Private classes of mandarin chinese in barranquilla come and study the language of the future!

RM31/h
1^st lesson free!

Amanda

Bela Vista, Brazil (face-to-face &online)

Professora de inglês e chinês, estudei na universidade nacional de pingtung em taiwan

RM48/h
1^st lesson free!

Ruixueer

Parla, Spain (face-to-face &online)

Master teaching chinese for foreigners and having two years of teaching experience

RM84/h
1^st lesson free!

Jialu

Heidelberg, Germany (face-to-face &online)

With verve and enjoyment you start an adventure in learning chinese with the help of doctoral students in theology at the university of heidelberg

RM140/h
1^st lesson free!

Xue

Paris 11e, France (face-to-face &online)

Chinese perfectly bilingual gives courses any level on the internet or at home

RM93/h
1^st lesson free!

Emilie-jade

Bourges, France (face-to-face &online)

Graduated international trade degree trilingual: english chinese french courses plus hsk test practice

RM103/h
1^st lesson free!

Lyon 6e, France (face-to-face &online)

Student teaches mandarin chinese every week at home or at a distance

RM51/h
1^st lesson free!

Yingzhen

Bologna, Italy (face-to-face &online)

Graduating in pedagogy, i am also teaching and helping some foreigners to learn chinese

RM75/h
1^st lesson free!

Francesca

Collecchio, Italy (face-to-face &online)

Student with chinese hsk certification offers chinese language lessons in parma, any level

RM79/h
1^st lesson free!

Shengjie

Lons-le-Saunier, France (face-to-face &online)

Teacher and translator of chinese origin gives chinese classes of all levels

RM117/h
1^st lesson free!

Ilaria

Roma, Italy (face-to-face &online)

Bachelor's degree in oriental languages and civilizations, master's degree in languages, economics and institutions of asia and mediterranean africa

RM84/h
1^st lesson free!

Yanbo

Bordeaux, France (face-to-face &online)

Master in economics at the university of bordeaux and already double bachelors in literature at the university of new york.

RM93/h
1^st lesson free!

Jason

Antony, France (face-to-face &online)

Chinese courses mandarin and taiwanese

RM84/h
1^st lesson free!

Pan

Moncalieri, Italy (online)

Attention, announcement is not online it's an automatic translation. please correct and improve the ad so we can publish it. native chinese / hsk lessons for hsk students with pinyin (lessons in engli

RM466/h
1^st lesson free!

Yan

Paris 2e, France (face-to-face &online)

Chinese native gives chinese and english courses (hsk / toeic / toefl / ielts)

RM140/h
1^st lesson free!

Marie

Pontarlier, France (face-to-face &online)

Mandarin chinese course (simplified and traditional) around pontarlier, for beginner to intermediate :)

RM93/h
1^st lesson free!

Jinhong

Fontenay-le-Comte, France (face-to-face &online)

Proficient chinese language and culture teacher, operating on line or face-to-face in a la rochelle / la roche-sur-yon / niort triangle zone

RM163/h
1^st lesson free!

Adriana

Barcelona, Spain (face-to-face &online)

Chinese girl with more than 5 years of experience in barcelona. expert in teaching chinese.

RM93/h
1^st lesson free!

Isabeau

Montpellier, France (face-to-face &online)

Research master llcer chinese with experience gives classes of chinese all levels (mandarin)

RM84/h
1^st lesson free!

Madrid, Spain (face-to-face &online)

5 (1 review)
New

Mandarin chinese teacher for professionals and adults with more than 10 years of experience

RM93/h
1^st lesson free!

Xue

Montpellier, France (face-to-face &online)

Chinese teacher who can teach chinese and chinese dance

RM70/h
1^st lesson free!

Natalia

Berlin, Germany (face-to-face &online)

Accent-free speaking sinology student teaches chinese in berlin at a native-speaker level.

RM93/h
1^st lesson free!

Maurice

Etterbeek, Belgium (face-to-face &online)

Teacher - coach and editor offers all levels: support courses and homework - intensive and extensive effective monitoring - proofreading and writing assistance.

RM117/h
1^st lesson free!

Ching yi

Paris, France (face-to-face &online)

Young chinese professor passionated and dynamic offers playful courses in paris

RM117/h
1^st lesson free!

Ninestein

Paris, France (face-to-face &online)

Chinese master in international trade with 3 years of education management translation experiences

RM117/h
1^st lesson free!

Yanjiang

Berlin, Germany (face-to-face &online)

Chinese student gives courses in (chinese) mandarin for all levels in berlin

RM70/h
1^st lesson free!

Zhenni

Paris, France (face-to-face &online)

Native chinese speaking student gives chinese lessons/bachelor degree in language and literature/english-chinese-french speaking/5 years teaching experience

RM84/h
1^st lesson free!

Lyon, France (face-to-face &online)

Student in science of education intending to give chinese courses (mandarin) in lyon

RM56/h
1^st lesson free!

Bourges, France (face-to-face &online)

Beaux-art student teach mandarin courses for all level and english speaking classes in bourges

RM103/h
1^st lesson free!

Jing

Nancy, France (face-to-face &online)

Chinese young woman of 32, offering chinese courses (language, culture, calligraphy) and english

RM84/h
1^st lesson free!

Yang

Clichy, France (face-to-face &online)

Student gives private lessons of chinese language

RM70/h
1^st lesson free!

Tingyen

Strasbourg, France (face-to-face &online)

Mandarin chinese lessons, calligraphy activity with a native taiwanese accept all levels!

RM70/h
1^st lesson free!

Essential information about your mandarin lessons
✅ Average price :	RM91/h
✅ Average response time :	3h
✅ Tutors available :	15350
✅ Lesson format :	Face-to-face or online

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What do you want to learn?

Take Advanced Mandarin lessons in Malaysia (Page 134 of 152)

15350 tutors available

The list of tutors

Chinese with zhou! entertaining and fun classes with a native teacher. （especially to children）

French-chinese master student teach beginner and intermediate mandarin online class

Come on, get ready to chat with 1/4 of the world's population by mastering mandarin!

Hold chinese classes for beginners. teaching speed is slow - medium, adjustable. based in medan, online class available.

Mandarin teacher who graduated from s1 mandarin language education with 4 years of teaching experience in this field.

A graduate of sciences po lyon gives beginner and intermediate mandarin courses

Sriwijaya university alumni offer to learn mandarin according to the open personal understanding of all ages

Chinese online tuition in hanover with a master's degree in engineering, i also know a little bit of french

I am a student at inalco and i can help you in chinese

I have a high-level mandarin certificate. i used to work in chinese tv and radio stations. now i am a master student of audencia business school. i once obtained a double bachelor degree in chinese br

Hello你好！ meet me shenna zenitha or 幸 茉莉 (xing mo li). i studied in hangzhou china with a major in international economics and trade and mandarin.

Student in m2 international relations and diplomacy gives courses in chinese (mandarin) and cantonese (oral) for beginners and intermediates

Professional mandarin native speaker giving classes (in all related fields) by skype. (in english)

Newly graduated in business in china from the mandarin classes in santo andré

Trilingual tutor teaches mandarin chinese (mother tongue) from french or english aspect

Chinese course leader with 7 years experience offers language courses, written courses and intercultural training for all levels in kassel or via skype

Native chinese teacher with 3 years of experience teaching chinese (written and spoken) at your home in madrid

Student in department of language teaching teaches chinese at all levels in speaking and writing

Passionate language trainer transmits and shares her knowledge in mandarin spanish and chinese

Experienced young french student gives private lessons of chinese or english for all levels

Chinese classes for all levels provided by a chinese from shanghai -16ème

Individual classes during chinese culture chinese general methodology marketing economics in paris (75019)

Certified teacher gives chinese courses for children and adults at different levels in paris (75006)

Philology student with 3 years of experience teaches chinese and english at home

Chinese lessons for all levels (beginners, advanced, children, adults) using english and french for teaching

Native chinese speaker in lanzarote, i teach chinese and spanish. thank u

Multilingual translator teaches mandarin classes online or in person in the porto area

Chinese / mandarin course (traditional and simplified characters) for all beginners and intermediate

Master degree in chinese offers chinese / italian lessons in milan, available for conversations too

Student at iae savoie mont blanc gives chinese lessons at all levels

Hello, i'm vanny, a private chinese/english teacher for 2 years. i prioritize communication over writing because everyone can use a certain language to speak. especially when you are travelling.

Chinese student of master of spanish literature teaches madarin chinese classes in madrid

Literature student offers to teach mandarin courses (for all ages) by online

Chinese student in master's writing and production gives chinese lessons.

Advanced mandarin chinese student in la plata. classes to who wants to know a millenary culture

Teaching mandarin for elementary to junior high school levels. patient and not rigid in teaching!

Chinese native giving online mandarin classes for english and spanish speakers in europe

Chinese ready to teach you their language in a relaxed way

Marketing student with advanced level of mandarin chinese and studies in china teaches mandarin chinese

Chinese student gives mandarin chinese course (oral / written) any level in toulouse

Implemented mandarin in 3 years, willing to teach beginners from easy to memorize strokes with good imagination and pronunciation methods.

Hi, i am an indonesian student who is currently studying at hangzhou, china. let's study mandarin for everyday use.

I am an actuarial itb student batch 2020. i have experience and can help teach mandarin, english, and mathematics

Chinese teacher with three years' experience. sign up now and let's talk!

Chinese mandarin in hamburg also teach intercultural e-commerce online marketing professional management for adults

Courses for all levels, in english or french, chinese professor graduate (15th)

Bachelor of medicine with 7.5 years of experience living in china offers quality mandarin courses!

Chinese classes with experienced language teacher who lived in taiwan. (simplified chinese and traditional chinese)

Staff translator that offers traditional or simplified chinese language tutoring services with easy-to-understand teaching methods

Student of l3 science of language gives french lessons to students in china

Enseignante de l'anglais dans une école bilingue fr-ang, je peux enseigner à bruxelles et à partir de septembre 2021, à liège et louvain

Preparatory classes to pass the hsk exam from levels 1 to 4

Chinese native speakers anbieten offer online courses, currently studying at the bremen university of the arts, bremen location。

Experienced mandarin teacher, native speaker, offers a personalized class plan and creative lessons.

Franco-taiwanese student at tbs, bilingual chinese-french giving a beginner's course in toulouse

Hello, everyone! i'm taiwanese, and native speaker of chinese mandarin, let's learn chinese mandarin together!

Chinese study program students at the university of indonesia offer local and foreign mandarin / english / indonesian teaching services.

Teaching oral and written mandarin chinese (simplified of traditional) for students and adults

I have 8 years of teaching experience. i lived and studied in china for 7 years.

Do not you want to speak chinese with a chinese girl? come on! now! in malaga

Hello, my name is lie. i am a mandarin teacher. i am teaching mandarin for 14 years. i teach in international, private and in my own courses. i have talent in mandarin. i can make students speak chine

Private or group classes of mandarin chinese, learn to communicate, read and write in chinese as a native!

Undergraduate student in spanish philology and master in strategies and technologies for development

Chinese teacher for all levels from 6 years, adults, business and hsk / yct exam

Student in business school, after 6 years in china, i give chinese lessons

Chinese lesson(mandarin) for every level with official hsk teaching material in groningen or nearby

Chinese lessons from chinese native speaker for children to adults, hsk preparation

Chinese tuition in erlangen / nürnberg for all chinese learners at all levels!

Graduated student in asian studies ​​offers english and chinese written and spoken courses

I teach mandarin chinese and i l 'hsk 5 and live in milan

Private classes of mandarin chinese in barranquilla come and study the language of the future!

Professora de inglês e chinês, estudei na universidade nacional de pingtung em taiwan

Master teaching chinese for foreigners and having two years of teaching experience

With verve and enjoyment you start an adventure in learning chinese with the help of doctoral students in theology at the university of heidelberg

Chinese perfectly bilingual gives courses any level on the internet or at home

Graduated international trade degree trilingual: english chinese french courses plus hsk test practice

Student teaches mandarin chinese every week at home or at a distance

Hello你好！ meet me shenna zenitha or 幸茉莉 (xing mo li). i studied in hangzhou china with a major in international economics and trade and mandarin.

Graduated student in asian studies offers english and chinese written and spoken courses

Bachelor's degree in oriental languages and civilizations, master's degree in languages, economics and institutions of asia and mediterranean africa